CRIM 220 Midterm: CRIM220 Midterm.docx

• School: Simon Fraser University
• Department: Criminology
• Course: CRIM 220
• Professor: William Glackman

Document Summary

Realism: there is only one reality that exists independent. Constructionism: knowledge and truth are created, not discovered it is all a socially constructed concept of the researcher awaits our discovery. Emphasis on causes and effects: world made. Emphasis on processes: reality is not stable and up of predictors and outcomes (all visible) organisms = black boxes , any invisible processes that goes on inside (eg thinking) are deemed irrelevant. Positivism: information derived from logical and mathematical treatments , valid knowledge (truth) only in scientific knowledge (avoid introspective/intuitive knowledge) awaiting discovery, they are actively constructed, deconstructed and reconstructed on an ongoing basis. Constructions of the world are open to change. Phenomenologism: to understand human behaviour, must take into account humans actively perceive and make sense of the world, abstract from experience, ascribe meaning to behaviour, and are affected by those meanings.