BIOSC 0150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Frameshift Mutation, Sickle-Cell Disease, Start Codon
Document Summary
Explain the relationship between gene, rna and polypeptide (the central dogma) Show how to test an enzymatic pathway for mutations. Use the genetic code to translate nucleic acid sequences into polypeptide chains. Explain the significance of the different mutations discussed in class. The central dogma = gene expression = protein synthesis. May be because random mutation is more likely to stop production than to start it. Silent mutation: changes the nucleotide sequence, but in a way that does not change the amino acid produced. Missense mutation: changes the nucleotide sequence, which changes the amino acid produced by that codon. Nonsense mutation: changes the nucleotide sequence, producing a stop codon early. Frameshift mutation: addition or deletion of a nucleotide, which changes the reading frame of the codons. This causes every amino acid after this mutation to possibly change the amino acid produced. Frameshift mutation at the beginning will have a greater impact than a frameshift mutation near the end.
