BIO230H1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cell Membrane, Protein Kinase, Rubik'S Revenge

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BIO230H1 Full Course Notes

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Dna: long un-branched polymer chains with four types of monomers: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Nucleotide: deoxyribose sugar, phosphate backbone, and nucleotide base (atcg) Dna is formed by template from pre-existing dna. Rna: ribose sugar, aucg nucleotide bases, mass produced and disposable, for protein synthesis and catalysis. Proteins can be functional (specific enzymes) or structural. **autocatalytic: some proteins catalyze the transcription and translation of dna into proteins. Codon: three consecutive nucleotides (64 possible codons [4x4x4] ). trna: rna with an amino acid at one end and the anticodon on the other. Gene: fragment of dna corresponding to a protein. Molecular building blocks: simple sugars, nucleotides, amino acids, atp. Eukaryotes: dna is in a membrane enclosed compartment (nucleus) Lithotropic: eat inorganically and use co2 and h2s. Neutral changes may or may not be perpetuated. Dna coding for necessary proteins will be conserved. Three primary branches in the tree of life:

Related Questions

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

1. A colorblind woman marries a normal man. Which of thefollowing is true of their children?
a. all will be colorblind
b. all daughters will be normal and all sons will be carriers
c. all daughters will be colorblind and all sons will benormal
d. all daughters will be heterozygous and all sons will becolorblind
e. it is impossible to predict with any reasonable degree ofcertainty

2. Cleft chin is an autosomal dominant trait. A man with a cleftchin marries a woman with a round chin. What proportion of theirfemale progeny will show the trait?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%

3. Which of the following statements is false?
a. individuals with the same phenotype might have differentgenotypes
b. matings between individuals with dominant phenotypes cannotproduce offspring with recessive phenotypes
c. matings between individuals with recessive phenotypes usually donot produce offspring with dominant phenotypes
d. individuals with the same genotype might have differentphenotypes.
e. all the above are correct choices

4. True or False
a. DNA is composed of 4 different types of nucleotides T/F?
b. in the DNA of every species, the amount of adenine presentalways equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosinealways equals the amount of guanine T/F?
c. in a nucleotide, the phosphate group is attached to thenitrogen-containing base, which is attached to the 5 carbon sugarT/F?
d. Watson and Crick built their model of DNA in the early 1950sT/F

5. MATCHING - each choice can be used more than once.
a. ribosomal RNA
b. DNA
c. mRNA
d. tRNA
e. RNA polymerase
-carries the genetic code sequence
-joins up with amino acids
-attaches the specific amino acids
-contains no uracil
-has anticodons
-determines amino acid sequence
-reads the codons
-contains codons
-has 2 polynucleotide chains
-has deoxyribose sugar
-makes RNA molecules in the nucleus

6. The number of base pairs in the human genome is about:
a. 1 million
b. 1 trillion
c. 10 billion
d. 75 billion

7. Pyrimidines are
a. single ringed
b. triple ringed
c. double ringed
d. none of these

8. Adenine is
a. double ringed
b. single ringed
c. a straight up chained carbon compound
d. a phospholipid

9._______ is the enzyme which puts together the correct DNA basesequence
a. DNA polymerase
b. RNA polymerase
c. helicase
d. adenine

fuchsiabeaver716

BIO230H1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cell Membrane, Protein Kinase, Rubik'S Revenge

BIO230H1 Full Course Notes

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