BIOL273 Lecture : Chapter 8 textbook material only chapter 8 textbook material only

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browncockroach329

16 Oct 2011

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL273

Professor

Katherine Wood

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Document Summary

Emergent properties: complex processes cannot be predicted from what we know about an individual nerve cell. Neuron functional unit of ns: smallest unit that can carry out the function of the system. Have enlarged regions along axon varicosities. Neurons are bundled together to form nerves that extend from cns: may carry afferent signals only sensory, may carry efferent signals only motor, or in both directions mixed nerves. Axons carry out signals to the target: axon does not have er or ribosomes. Proteins must be transferred to the axon axonal transport. Slow axonal transport moves material by cytoplasmic (axoplasmic) flow from cell body to axon terminal: used for enzymes and cytoskeleton components not consumed rapidly. Fast axonal transport moves organelles: uses stationary microtubules as tracks to move organelles. Forward (anteriograd) from cell body to axon terminal. Backward (retrograde) from axon terminal to cell body for recycling. Glial cells ependymal cells: specialized cells that create a selectively permeable layer ependyma.

Related Questions

Which of the following best describes a process involved in the nervous system receiving internal signals?

Electrical signals are passed from dendrites to axons in sensory neurons through the peripheral nervous system.

Motor neurons carry information from muscle cells to the central nervous system for processing.

Neurotransmitters pass information across synapses between sensory neurons on the way to the central nervous system.

Sensory neurons transmit information from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system.

Question 16

Which of the following statement accurately describes the nervous system?

	A.	Neurons are directly connected to one another and send chemical messages throughout the body.
	B.	Nerves make up neurons, which are directly connected to one another and transmit electrical messages throughout the body.
	C.	Nerves transport chemical messengers known as hormones throughout the body.
	D.	Neurons do not directly touch, but transform electrical messages into chemical messages to transmit the message to the next neuron.

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

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BIOL273 Lecture : Chapter 8 textbook material only chapter 8 textbook material only

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