POL101Y1 Lecture Notes - Secularism, Presidential System, F. W. De Klerk
21 Oct 2013
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Divided by racial, social and economical lines: brutal policies, passed laws that made it difficult for blacks to live. 19 million blacks (80%), 4. 5 million whites. All citizens are equal regardless of race, gender, status: rule of law. Rights are protected by rule of law. Liberty + equality + rule of law = pluralism. Losers are never out compete again. The ability to lose but compete again that is democracy. Institutionalized repetitive (do it over and over again) Fragility: breakdown and return to democracy 26 countries (1974, breakdown and no return to democracy 27, it is fought for and won, but can be taken away, ex. Thailand 2006, all citizens were banned and jailed: ex. Egypt arab spring: not an ends of it in itself not end product. As a process: fluid and fragile, so far as i know, citizenship in no country carries with it the right to vote.
