POLS 241 Lecture Notes - Parliamentary System, Proportional Representation, Presidential System

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Nationalism is bad when its taken by political movements who claim to represent an entire nation: eg. Used hyper nationalism to create a political movement and to deny a voice to their opponents: allowed them to discredit the opposition by labeling them as enemies of the nation/people. (form of anti-politics) Works best when there is a minority. Therefore, nationalism can be used to prevent the emergence of liberal democracy: this was why slovakia was labeled a pseudo democracy in the 1990s. Its not sufficient to have just elections, the opposition needs to be protected. Problem in liberal democracies is that the majorities always win elections= tyranny of the majority. 1) promotes the voice of minorities through constitutionalism, includes a number of methods that can promote the voice of minorities. 1) consociational arrangements: minorities are given special representation at the executive level. Seven people represent the different regional minorities: features: everyone has a veto power.

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