BIOL239 Midterm: Midterm Review 8 pages of notes, including a chart of all the ratios you need to know and example problems
16 Oct 2011
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Polymorphic: a gene may have several alleles that normally occur in a population, more than one wild-type ex. eye colour, blood type. Monomorphic: genes that have only one allele that is normally present in a population ex. Law of segregation: two alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation then unite at random, one from each parent at fertilization. Law of independent assortment: during gamete formation different pairs of alleles segregate independently. Product law: the probability of 2+ independent events occurring together is the product of the probabilities that each even will occur by itself ex. Susan and her husband are carriers for the recessive disease galactosemia. Aabbccdd x aabbccdd (1/2)^4 + (1/2)^4 = 1/8. Incomplete dominance: the f1 hybrid resembles neither purebred parent, results in a 1:2:1 f2 ratio. Codominance: alternative traits are both visible in the f1 hybrid ex. Blood types wild type >1%, mutant allele <1% Pleiotropy: multiple phenotypic effects caused by a single gene ex.
