BIOL239 Study Guide - Final Guide: Sister Chromatids, Chromosome Segregation, Gregor Mendel

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ceruleanserval636

16 Oct 2011

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL239

Professor

Christine Dupont

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Document Summary

Phenotype = observable characteristic; genotype = genetic make up. Monohybrid cross mating"s between individuals that differ in only one trait; dihybrid cross mating"s between individuals that differ in two traits; multihybrid cross matings between individuals that differ in three of more traits. A maximum of two alleles can pre present in one gene of a diploid individual. The law of product: the probability of two or more independent events occurring together is the product of the probabilities that each event will occur by itself. The law of sum: the probability of either of two mutually exclusive events occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities. Gregor mendel performed genetic crosses in a systematic way, using mathematics to analyze the data he obtained and to predict outcomes of other experiments. Mendel"s law of segregation states that alleles of genes separate during gamete formation and then come together randomly at fertilization.

Related Questions

On the planet Trogus, the population of Trogites have an autosomal gene, HDZ, with two alleles, T and t. T is dominant to t. Individuals with the T allele in their genotype show a propensity for sorbet, while the remainder prefer ice cream. In multiple population studies, 60% of individuals with the TT genotype prefer sorbet, 25% of Tt individuals prefer sorbet, and 5% of tt individuals prefer sorbet.

In an F1 cross of Tt x Tt genotyped individuals, among the F2 population of individuals who prefer ice cream, what is the probability that a random individual has the TT genotype?

A. 0.333.

B. 0.995.

C. 0.667.

D. 0.001

E. 0.140.

maroonmole507

A population may eventually stop responding to artificial selection because:

individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait and natural selection is enhancing the results of artificial selection

individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait and natural selection opposes any further change in the characteristic

individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait

natural selection is enhancing the results of artificial selection

natural selection opposes any further change in the characteristic

yellowdolphin630

1) Which of these probabilities are NOT independent of eachother?

The probability that a student is a sophomore and has brownhair

The probability that when you roll two dice, you will roll a 6before a 2

The probability that it will rain and the probability ofneeding an umbrella

The probability that there will be heavy traffic on BaltimoreAve and the probability you will lose your cell phone

2) We are defining evolution as a "change in allele frequenciesover time". Ironically, the focus of this lab is the Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium - conditions that, if all met, will result in NOevolution occurring. Which of the following are among theconditions that must be met for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium toapply perfectly to a population?

A. The population must be very large

B. Individuals must mate at random

C. The alleles must differ in their effects on survival

D. There must be free migration into and out of thepopulation

A & B

A, B, & C

3)In cats, black fur is dominant over any allele for brown fur.If a homozygous dominant cat makes kittens with a heterozygous cat,what is the probability that the first kitten will have brown fur?Report as a proportion, not percentage, e.g., .1, NOT 10%.

The EGLN1 gene helps regulate body oxygen levels. One allele His dominant over h, and helps increase fitness at high altitude(where oxygen is low). In a study of families in Tibet, researchersfound 422 HH individuals, 377 Hh, and 201 hh individuals. The studyshowed that infant mortality was lower in Hh individuals than hh,and lowest in HH individuals.
Is the Tibetan population in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium at this H/hgene?

What is the most important factor affecting the strength ofgenetic drift?

The frequency of the rarest genotype

The size of the population

The allele frequencies

The genetic diversity in the population

aquamarinerat250

BIOL239 Study Guide - Final Guide: Sister Chromatids, Chromosome Segregation, Gregor Mendel

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