PHAR 100 Lecture Notes - Herbicide, Chloracne, Fungicide

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Used for intentionally killing organisms: insecticides, herbicides. 1970"s, use stopped because: insects developing resistance, soil/water concentrations (chemically stable, bird/fish populations, levels in food/meat. Ddt toxicity: acute: cns stimulation tremors convulsions chronic: carcinogenic, developmental and reproductive effects, neurological problems organochlorines largely phased out. Organophosphorous insecticides toxicity: inhibits acetylcholinersterase (irreversible, increased ach in nervous tissue, increased parasympthetic effects, generally death due to respiratory treatment: pralixodime, reverses inhibition. Sheep dipping: (organo phosphates) liquid formulation of insecticide and fungicide used to protect sheep from infestation against external parasites such as itch mite, blow-fly, ticks and lice. Now have to wear lots of protective clothing. Carbamate insecticides e. g. carbaryl: works like organophosphorus insecticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase reversibly, less toxic. 2,4-d and 2,4,5-t (agent orange used in vietnam war to get rid of forests: mimic plant growth hormones, uncontrolled, unsustainable growth leading to plant death, contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (tcdd) 2,4-d toxicity: large doses: vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, coma.

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