PSYCH 140C Study Guide - Final Guide: Recognition Heuristic, Mcgurk Effect, Pieve
16 Nov 2013
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Empiricism, nativism, behaviorism, functionalism: empircism, nativism, behaviorism, functionalism: Often this is the focus of cognitive neuroscience: algorithmic. Often this is the focus of cognitive psychology: computational. Often this is the focus of artificial intelligence or machine learning. Categories: collections of stimuli in the real world. Definitional, prototype and exemplar theories: definitional: (set-theoretic) approach assumes stimuli are grouped using a set of necessary and sufficient properties. List of conditions that need to be met for a stimulus to belong to a category. Example: triangles are closed shapes with three straight edges: prototype: assumes people categorize stimuli by similarity to a prototype, which is an ideal instance of the category. Example: a bird is more likely to be a robin (more typical) than an emu (less typical outliers): exemplar: Every instance (exemplar) of a category is remembered. New stimuli are categorized by the average similarity they have to all category exemplars.
