Biology 1201A : Biology Chapter 2

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ochreduck71

27 Nov 2013

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Biology notes chapter 2 the cell: an overview pages 25-47. Robert hooke - looked at a thinly sliced cork from a mature tree through a microscope and observed tiny compartments that he called rooms in latin (cellulae), where the name cell came from. He was looking at walls of dead cells. Anton van leeuwenhoek - observed moving animalcules using a single-lens microscope of his own. He discovered protists, sperm cells, and bacteria [late 1600s] Robert brown - observed spherical body inside some cells and called it a nucleus [1820s] Mathias schleiden - theorized that the nucleus had something to do with the development of the cell [1838] Theodor schwann - proposed that all animals and plants consists of cells that contain a nucleus. Rudolf virchow - proposed that cells arise only from pre- existing cells by a process of division.

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________30. If you are investigating the inner structure of a new cell and see that it has a significantly larger amount of RER than other cells. You would conclude the cell does a great deal of____?
A. ATP synthesis

B. protein synthesis
C. DNA synthesis
D. active transport
E. polysaccharide hydrolysis

________31. If a cell comes in contact with a toxic substance such as H2O2, it could survive as long as it has a ___ to digest it.
A. DNA
B. peroxisome

C. mitochondria
D. phospholipids
E. intermediate filaments

________32. Some cells have structures to help them withstand osmotic pressure. For example,
A. Plant cells due to their walls
B. Animal cells due to the sodium/potassium pumps

C. Bacterial cell due to their swimming

D. Viruses due to their protein coats

________33. Evolution occurs only as a cell ____.

A. They undergo mitosis
B. Change in their gene pool
C. They move from one habitat to another

D. They begin to eat different foods

________34. Ribosomes are produced in the

A. nucleoli.
B. chromatin.
C. nuclear envelopes.

D. Golgi complex. E. cisternae.

________35. Algae are often green, but there are red and brown species also. What accounts for this difference in color?
A. The chlorophyll of chloroplasts
B. The pigments in other plastids

C. The presence of a mitochondria
D. The accumulation of cellular wastes

________36. The chloroplast and other like prokaryotes have which of the following that helps with photosynthesis?
A. They live in water based environments
B. They have chloroplasts in their cytoplasm

C. Change color in the dark vs. the sun
D. They have photoreceptor proteins in their membranes or mesosomes.

________37. Located in the membrane, we see a set of proteins called receptors that only connect with or bind to specific substances. This is called __.
A. ligand specificity.
B. hormone selectivity.

C. cell tonicity.
D. water saturation. E. signal resolution.

________38. Of the following statements, we could say that ___ is false.
A. All organisms are composed of cells and cell products.
B. An organism's structure and all of its functions are due to the activities of cells.
C. The cellular organelles are the simplest structural and functional unit of life.
D. Cells come from preexisting cells.
E. Cells are made from nonliving components including the nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm.

________39. If it is really true that our cells are the smallest anatomical unit that meets all of the properties of life, then which of the following could imply otherwise?
A. vacuoles
B. centrioles

C. Golgi apparatus
D. mitochondria
E. endoplasmic reticulum

________40. Oxygen is an absolute need for animal and plant cells alike due to the ___.

A. RER
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosomes

D. DNA

________41. In a plasma membrane, we expect to see the carb/protein structures to extend into the ___, but the secondary messengers to move within the __.
A. extracellular fluid; cytosol
B. cytosol; extracellular fluid

C. intracellular fluid; cytosol

D. cytosol; intracellular fluid

E. extracellular fluid; plasma

________42. Bacteria are found in all of the following habitats:

A. Caves
B. Oceans
C. Animals

D. Everywhere on Earth

________43. Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of an impermeable solute compared to solution B. Which of the following do you expect would happen?
A. solute will move from solution A to solution B

B. solute will move from solution B to solution A

C. water will more from solution A to solution B

D. water will move from solution B to solution A E. no movement of solute or water will occur

________44. In the kidney, we notice that almost all of the cells involved in the production of urine have high concentrations of the Na+/K+ pump. Which typically works to push Na+ ___ its concentration gradient by using ___.
A. up; active transport

B. up; facilitated transport
C. up; cotransport
D. down; active transport
E. down; facilitated transport

________45. In the charts of a patient recently admitted to the hospital noted that he was taking a medication called lithium and high doses of calcium supplements. Given this, we would expect the patientâs liver to have a higher than normal amount of __ to purify out the lithium and calcium.

A. lysosomes.
B. centrosomes.
C. mitochondria.
D. peroxisomes.
E. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

________46. We have long observed that our neural cells in the brain cannot replicate or replace themselves due to the lack of ____.
A. produce ATP.
B. divide.

C. produce enzymes.
D. secrete material across their plasma membrane E. conduct electrical signals.

________47. An organismâs structure and function is ultimately due to the structure and function of itâs __.
A. Organs
B. Tissues

C. Cells

D. Nuclei

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

1.A mycologist visits your biology class and discusses herresearch on a particular fungus that lives on the bark of damagedspruce trees. She explains that the fungal hyphae of her researchorganism is heterokaryotic. You raise your hand and request thatshe define that word. Her correct response is

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of the fungal hyphae are genetically the same.

heterokaryotic means that eachcompartment of the hyphae contain two distinct nuclei.

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of each compartment of the hyphae are geneticallydistinct.

heterokaryotic means that each compartment of the hyphaecontains only one nucleus.

2. Select the true statements concerning reproduction ofbasidiomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

The adult forms of a typicalbasidiomycete consists of a mass of dikaryotic primarymycelia.

The secondary mycelia fuse to formprimary mycelia. The primary mycelia form the fruiting body.

The gills of an Amanitamushroom contains basidiospores.

Karyogamy produces a diploid zygotethat undergoes meiosis.

Meiosis produces basidiospores, and the fusion of spores fromdifferent mating strains produces the primary mycelium.

3. In the life cycle of a zygomycete, after the zygospore isformed, the next event will be

karyogamy.

4. Why does champagne have bubbles?

CO₂ is used to makeglucose during respiration.

Yeast fermentation continues afterthe champagne is bottled.

Dead yeast cells releaseCO₂ into the bottles.

Yeast produce O₂ during aerobic respiration.

5. Many antibacterial antibiotics interfere with proteinsynthesis. Why would these not be a good target for antifungaldrugs?

Fungi can rapidly metabolizedrugs.

Fungi produce few proteins.

Chitin cell walls prevent uptake ofdrugs.

Human and fungal ribosomes areextremely similar to each other.

Fungi absorb proteins during decomposition of organicmatter.

6. Which molecule would be an indicator of fungal contaminationin a drug preparation?

Deoxyribose

7. Why can lichens live on bare rock?

UV radiation powers enzymes thatallow the fungus to extract organic material from itssurroundings.

The fungi are autotrophic.

The photosynthetic endosymbiontprovides the fungus with nutrition.

They absorb heat from the sun.

They secrete acids to liberate minerals from the bare rock.

8. What type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified bymycorrhizal fungi?

Parasitism

Commensalism

Atavism

Mutualism

9. In what way are bacteria and fungi similar?

Cell wall components

Ribosome structure

Design of the nucleus

Ecological function

10. he fungal group that is most closely related to ancestralfungi are the

Zygomycota.

Basidomycota.

Ascomycota.

Chytridomycota.

11.Select the INCORRECT statement(s) concerning reproduction ofthe mold Rhizopus.

Fungal hyphae are multinucleate andhaploid.

Meiosis comes immediately beforefertilization.

The germinating zygosporangiumcontains diploid nuclei.

Rhizopus exclusivelyreproduces asexually.

Zygospores are only produced after meiosis.

12. Primary mycelia contain twice as much DNA as secondarymycelia.

True

False

13.After severe floods homeowners often return home to find thewall of their homes covered in mold. How does mold survive on wetwallboard?

It eats the gypsum that makes upthe wallboard.

Spores from within the wallboardgerminate and start growing.

It uses the wallboard as asubstrate but extracts nutrients from the air.

It digests the cellulose in the paper backing.

14. Why is the term "fungal cell mitosis" not technicallyaccurate?

The septa between nuclei form priorto mitosis.

All of the mycelium undergoesmitosis at the same time.

All stages of mitosis occur withinthe nucleus.

The mitotic spindle spans across the perforations of thesepta.

15. Select the true statements regarding the lifecycles ofbasidiomycetes and ascomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

Basidiocarps and ascocarps arefunctionally equivalent.

Dikaryotic mycelia are the same asdiploid mycelia.

Ascogenic hyphae are functionallyequivalent to secondary mycelia.

Both basidiospores and ascospores are stored externally.

16. A division of fungi that lacks septa in their hyphae exceptwhen they form sporangia or gametangia is the

	ascomycetes.
	zygomycetes.
	chytridomycetes
	basidiomycetes. PLEASE HELP

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Biology 1201A : Biology Chapter 2

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