SOC 1500 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Social Control Theory, Social Learning Theory, Differential Association

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Neighbourhood deterioration and disorganization alone cannot explain why one person commits crime, while another person living in the same environment obeys the law, gets an education, and had a legitimate job. Social process theories are approaches that look at the operation of formal and informal social institutions, such as socialization within family, peer groups, schools and legal system. These theorists believe that criminality is a function of socialization, and these theories draw attention to the interactions people have with others. Socialization is the process of human development and enculturalization, with primary socialization taking place in the family, and secondary socialization in institutions. Social process theories share one basic concept: all people regardless of race, class or gender, have the potential of becoming delinquent or law-abiding citizen. If developmental factors are dysfunctional, they can result in anti-social behaviour. Parenting factors play a critical role in determining whether individuals misbehave as children and as adults.

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