Biology 2601A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Vessel Element, Tracheid, Xylem

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1 Dec 2013

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Lecture 14 water and fluid transport moving fluid in plants. To transport sugars from the leaves to other tissues. To send hormones and signals throughout the organism. To move water and nutrients from the soil to the leaves. Xylem translocates water and inorganic nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) from the roots to the leaves. Phloem translocates sugars, proteins and signaling molecules: from source tissues (e. g. leaves) to sink tissues (e. g, from source tissues (e. g. leaves) to sink tissues (e. g. roots) Made of tracheids (long, thin cells) and vessel elements (short, wide cells) These are dead cells start off as live cells that undergo cell death to act as pipes for water. Water moves between the tracheids only through pits while between vessel elements water moves mostly through perforation plates (compound or simple) and subsidiary flow through pits. Interconnect: laterally (both, edge-to-edge (tracheids, end-to-end (vessel elements) Supported by fibers and other lignified cells (in trees) to ensure stability.

Related Questions

Question 1: A slide of a terminal plant bud shows what physical characteristics demonstrating growth?

Answers:

1. an actively dividing group of cells between primordial leaves with undifferentiated vascular tissue

2. a vascular system with vascular bundles

3. spongy mesophyll tissue

4. sieve tubes, vessel elements and tracheids

Question 2: As the earth warmed and dried around 150 MYA, plants requiring _______ for fertilization were no longer dominant, but were eclipsed by plants that were ______ bearing named ___________ (literally naked seeds). These plants used _____ for fertilization freeing themselves from dependence on water. As animals of the era became terrestrial with means of terrestrial reproduction strategies, plants did the same using two different structures along with internal fertilization, the _____ being internal and fertilized by a wind carried _________ grain.

Answers:

1. water, seed, charophytya, dinosaurs, zygote, pollen

2. water, seed, gymnosperms, wind, egg, pollen

3. spores, cone, tracheids, water, pollen, embryo

4. water, flower, angiosperms, animals, spore, egg

Question 3: In the pith region of a stem the vascular system consists of two major structures;

Answers:	1. Phloem with trachieds and vessel elements and xylem with sieve-tubes and companion cells
	2. Sclerechyma fibers and parenchyma cells
	3. Phloem carrying photosynthesis products and xylem carrying water with dissolved nutrients
	4. Phloem carrying water with dissolved nutrients and xylem carrying photosynthesis products.

coraldolphin670

After sugars are loaded into the phloem, what force moves them toward sinks?

a. Water diffuses into the phloem and the increased pressure moves the fluid outward through the phloem.

b. Sugars diffuse between the cells; there is no positive or negative pressure in the phloem.

c. Sugars are slightly polar molecules, and are attracted to the slight charge at the cell surfaces of the phloem.

d. Negative pressure develops as sugars are removed from the fluid by the sink cells.

The water-transporting cells of xylem tissue are tracheids and vessel members?

How is the structure of tracheids similar to the structure of vessel members?

How is the structure of tracheids different from the structure of vessel members?

How is the structure of both tracheids and vessel members related to their ability to serve as efficient water-conduction cells?

Sieve tube members are the conducting cells of phloem, specialized for the transport of metabolites within a plant. In what way do sieve tube members differ from a "typical" plant cell?

How do these differences improve the ability of sieve tube members to serve as efficient metabolite-conducting cells?

What is a companion cell, and what is its function?

To what tissue system does each of the following belong - tracheids, vessel members, sieve tube members, and companion cells?

The epidermis is a primary dermal tissue and the periderm is a secondary dermal tissue. Describe the most common cell types found in each of these tissues.

Both the epidermis and the periderm need to perform the same basic functions. What are those functions?

How does the structure of the epidermis contribute to those functions?

How does the structure of the periderm contribute to those functions?

What are guard cells?

How does the structure of guard cells differ from the structure of other epidermal cells?

What is the function of guard cells?

What are trichomes? What functions might trichomes perform?

What is a lenticel?

Describe its structure and function. Describe, in detail, the arrangement of primary tissues in a dicot stem. How does the arrangement of tissues in a monocot stem compare to that of dicot stems â how is it the same, how is it different?

The cortex region and the pith region of a dicot stem typically have different functions. What is the most common function of each region?

What type of tissue is each composed of?

In what types of plants does secondary growth occur?

In what plant organs does secondary growth occur?

Describe where lateral meristems form at the start of secondary growth in a stem.

Describe how the single layer of vascular cambium can produce both secondary xylem and secondary phloem.

What is wood?

bark?

early wood vs. late wood?

What allows the different layers of growth occurring each year to be visible to the human eye?

What is the function of mesophyll tissue?

What are the two types of mesophyll tissue in a typical dicot leaf?

How do these differ from each other with respect to location within the leaf, cell arrangement,

Biology 2601A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Vessel Element, Tracheid, Xylem

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