BI276 Study Guide - Final Guide: Extremophile, Proteobacteria, Hopanoids
Document Summary
Maintaining a thermodynamic energy flow far from equilibrium defines life. Cells (and microbes) can be viewed as: biochemical catalysts (metabolism and enzymes, genetic coding devices. Ability to do this needs to be kept and transferred. Visualizing microbes! (microscopes: light microscopy, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, light microscopy- brightfield. Resolution limit 0. 2 um (micrometers up to 1500x) Microbiology applications: agricultural, environmental, industrial, medical, differential: multiple dyes/stain, acid fast: waxy cell walls, negative: used to visualize capsule (halo around cell, endospore: differential stain, schaffer-fulton method, flagellar: requires layers of stain, light microscopy- darkfield. Illuminated from the side, not the bottom: light microscopy- phase-contrast. Phase is light altered as it passes through the specimen. Definition: ability of organisms to absorb a short wave length of light and emit them at longer wavelengths (1) natural fluorescence under uv light (2) artificial fluorescence: light microscopy- differential interference (dic) 2 beams of light split by separate prisms (polarized) Shadows give 3d appearance: light microscopy- confocal.
