ECO204Y5 Lecture Notes - Arc Elasticity, Economic Surplus, Budget Constraint

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8 Dec 2013

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Document Summary

When income increases from i1 to i2, consumption of good y increases (normal good), but consumption of good x decreases as incomes rise. This indicates that good x is viewed as an inferior good by this individual. Therefore, the statement that both x and y are normal goods is false. In order for this to be so, we should observe a higher level of consumption for both goods as income increases: false. In particular, since her utility-maximizing demand for strawberries and apples will change with the prices, her mrs in the summer will be different from her mrs in the winter: true. Since demand is inelastic, the percentage decrease in q when prices increase will be less than the percentage increase in p. so the overall decrease in q will not be enough to offset higher prices. As a result, total expenditures on inelastic goods (q x p) will increase when p increases: false.

Related Questions

True or False. If False explain why it's false.

1. If all prices are doubled an money income is the left the same, the budget set does not change because the relative prices do not change.

2. A decrease in income pivots the budget line around the bundle initially consumed.

3. If preferences are well-behaved, then for any commodity bundle (x1,x2), the set of commodity bundles that are worse than (x1,x2) is a convex set.

4. The marginal rate of substitution measures the distance betwee one indifference curve and the next one.

5. If someone has the utility function U= 2min(x, y), then x and y are perfect complements for that person.

6. At the boundary optimum, a consumers indifference curve must be tangent to her budget line.

7. If two goods are substitutes, then an increase in the price of one of them will increase the demand for the other.

8. An Engel curve is a demand curve with the vertical and horizontal axes reversed.

9. An inferior good is less durable than a normal good.

10. When other variables are held fixed, the demand for a Giffen good rises when income increase.

Q1 after Alistair earned his BA, he had to decide whether to accept the offer of a job that will pay him $45,000 per year or spend an additional two years earning an MBA. If he decides to pursue the graduate degree, his annual expenses for tuition, books, board, and lodging will be $32,000. Alistair has been offered a scholarship for $10,000 per year, but to pay the remaining $22,000 per year, he would have to cash in savings bonds that his grandparents have given him that have been earning $500 in interest per year. The annual opportunity cost of earning his MBA is:

1-$67,500.

2- $77,000.

3-$99,000.

4-$77,500.

Q3 Which statement about opportunity cost is NOT true?

1-Opportunity cost may be larger than monetary cost.

2-Opportunity cost includes both explicit and implicit costs.

3-The real or opportunity cost of something is what you must give up to get it.

4-Opportunity cost is synonymous with explicit costs.

Q3 If goods A and B are substitutes, a decrease in the price of good B will

increase the demand for good A.

increase the demand for good B.

decrease the demand for good A.

increase the demand for good B and decrease the demand for good A.

Q4 Suppose that, as incomes in a community increase, the demand for taxi service increases and the demand for bus service decreases. From this, it can be concluded that:

Both taxi service and bus service are inferior goods.

Both taxi service and bus service are normal goods.

Taxi service is a normal good; bus service is an inferior good.

Taxi service is an inferior good; bus service is a normal good.

Q5In economics, a marginal value refers to:

the value associated with an unimportant, or marginal, activity.
	a value entered as an explanatory item in the margin of a balance sheet or other accounts.
	the value associated with one more unit of an activity.
	a value that is most appropriately identified in a footnote. Q6 The terms decrease in demand and decrease in quantity demanded can be used interchangeably. True or false

plumgoldfish5

1. Economists use ____________ as a measure of the relative level of satisfaction when someone consumes a good or service.

2. Sue likes brownies. However, Sue notices that the more brownies she eats the less satisfaction she receives from each extra brownie. We can say that Sue is experiencing ___________________ from each extra brownie.

sugar sickness

total utility

diminishing marginal utility

increasing marginal utility

3. When total utility is maximized, the marginal utility will be

4. Consider Dirk and Lee. They are both eating pizza. Which of the following statements is true regarding their satisfaction and utility?

Dirk and Lee both receive 10 utils from eating pizza.

Dirk and Lee both receive the same level of satisfaction from eating pizza.

Dirk gets more twice as much satisfaction as Lee from eating pizza.

It is difficult to determine because the utility is subjective.

5. For many products, the total utility curve is

strictly increasing because of increasing marginal utility.

strictly decreasing because of diminishing marginal utility.

increasing initially because of increasing marginal utility, but eventually decreases.

increasing initially at a decreasing rate because of diminishing marginal utility but eventually decreases.

6. When consumers get the biggest bang for the buck, we say they

used the loudest gun in hunting season.

reached a consumer optimum.

minimized consumer satisfaction.

maximized marginal utility.

7. By choosing to consume at the consumer optimum, consumers will

maximize their total utility.

minimize their total utility.

maximize the amount they spend on each good.

minimize the amount they spend on each good.

8. A consumer is in equilibrium when consuming two goods when which of the following holds?

MU_a/ P_a = MU_b/ P_b

MU_a/ P_h =MU_b/ P_a

P_a/ MU_a = P_b/ MU_b

MU_a x P_a = MU_bxP_b

9. If the marginal utility of good 1 is 15 and its price is $3, and the marginal utility of good 2 is 12, and its price is $4, then the consumer

has achieved a consumer optimum.

should increase his or her consumption of good 1.

should increase his or her consumption of good 2.

should decrease his or her consumption of good 1.

10.Suppose the price of an iPod decrease and the price of HD TVs remains the same; what noticeable effect(s) occur(s)?

the substitution effect only

the real-income effect only

the substitution effect and real-income effect, if there is a noticeable change in purchasing power

the substitution effect and real-income effect, if there isnât a noticeable change in purchasing power

11. The ______________ paradox was described by Adam Smith in 1776.

12. What is the key to solving the diamond-water paradox?

more water and fewer diamonds

marginal utility

total utility

consumer demand

13. When solving the diamond-water paradox we notice that the marginal utility of

diamonds are equal to the marginal utility of water.

diamonds are greater than the marginal utility of water.

diamonds are less than the marginal utility of water.

water is equal to its price, and therefore lower than the marginal utility of diamonds.

14. The consumer surplus for water is

greater than that for diamonds because water is nonessential.

greater than that for diamonds because water is essential.

less than that for diamonds because water is nonessential.

less than that for diamonds because water is essential.

15. Suppose a consumer consumes only diamonds and water, and the price of diamonds increases. All else being equal, a consumerâs marginal utility for diamonds

decreases and the marginal utility for water stays the same.

increases and the marginal utility for water decreases.

decreases and the marginal utility for water increases.

increases and the marginal utility for water stays the same.