PSYC 1150 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Operational Definition, Statistical Inference, Informed Consent

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Prefrontal lobotomy: surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus. Heuristic: mental shortcut that helps us streamline our thinking and make sense of our world. Representativeness heuristic: heuristic that involves judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype. Base rate: how common a characteristic or behaviour is in the general population. Availability heuristic: heuristic that involves estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds. Hindsight bias: tendency to overestimate how well we could have successfully forecasted known outcomes. Overconfidence: tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct predictions. Naturalistic observation: watching behaviour in real-world settings without trying to manipulate the situation. External validity: extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings. Internal validity: extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study.

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