Biochemistry 2280A Midterm: Bio2280 Midterm Notes

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apricotwoodchuck111

20 Oct 2011

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Central dogma: the way genetic information is stored and retrieved in living cells. Only protein and some rna s are the active workers in the cell, catalyzing reactions, moving things around, creating structures, etc . Proteins: made from 20 amino acids (hereafter aa) strung together in long linear polymer chains. Chains fold and coil in 3d to achieve biological function. Macromolecules with molecular weight ranging from about 5000 to several million. Many are biological catalysts (enzymes) which catalyze a single chemical reaction in the cell but other serve a range of functions. Properly known as alpha-amino acids, general structure is ncc- backbone. Amino group on left, -nh3+ (n-terminus), carboxyl group on right, -coo (c-terminus) 19 of 20 are amino with same arrangement around alpha-carbon, praline is imino!! Stereoisomers are possible; designated d- and l-amino acids. Net charge is important, derived from ionization of weakly acidic or basic groups. Acidic groups = ionization decreases and ph decreases.

Related Questions

11 - Can you distinguish carboxylic acid, amino, and phosphate functional groups?

12- The 4 major types of macromolecules found in living cells are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

13- What distinguishes a monomer from a polymer. What are the monomer subunits that are used to produce the different types of macromolecules.

14- What is the general formula for a carbohydrate.

15- What are biologically important kinds of lipids. Why are these molecules important.

16- The monomer building block of a protein is an amino acid. What is the basic structure of an amino acid.

17- A nucleotide (the monomer building block of a nucleic acid) is comprised of a nitrogen base, a pentose (5C) sugar, and at least one phosphate.

18- What is the complete name for the nitrogen bases commonly referred to as A, G , C, T, and U. Which are purines? Which are pyrimidines?

19- What is the significance ATP?

20- Generally speaking, what are the functions of the different types of macromolecules.

ceruleankangaroo744

Proteins are naturally occurring polymers formed by condensation reactions of amino acids, which have the general structure

In this structure, –R represents –H, –CH₃, or another group of atoms; there are 20 different natural amino acids, and each has one of 20 different R groups. (a) Draw the general structure of a protein formed by condensation polymerization of the generic amino acid shown here. (b) When only a few amino acids react to make a chain, the product is called a “peptide” rather than a protein; only when there are 50 amino acids or more in the chain would the molecule be called a protein. For three amino acids (distinguished by having three different R groups, R1, R2, and R3), draw the peptide that results from their condensation reactions. (c) The order in which the R groups exist in a peptide or protein has a huge influence on its biological activity. To distinguish different peptides and proteins, chemists call the first amino acid the one at the “N terminus” and the last one the one at the “C terminus.” From your drawing in part (b) you should be able to figure out what “N terminus” and “C terminus” mean. How many different peptides can be made from your three different amino acids?

purpleyak702

Which of the following statements about proteins isFALSE?

A. Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

B. Proteins can act as biological catalysts.

C. Proteins are a main source of energy for cells.

D. Proteins are the structural component of muscle andcartilage.

E. All of the statements are true.

Biochemistry 2280A Midterm: Bio2280 Midterm Notes

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