SY101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Cesare Beccaria, Cesare Lombroso, Edwin Sutherland
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All societies have norms (rules) that govern acceptable behavior. Norms make social life possible by making behavior predictable. Why: because social norms provide the basic guidelines for social interaction how we play our roles and how we interact with others. This allows for social order, a groups usual and customary social arrangements. Deviance threatens the social order, so human groups develop systems of social control. I. e. , formal and informal means of enforcing norms. Deviance: any behaviour that violates social norms regardless of their seriousness. Deviance is a relative term that is socially defined: deviance can be difficult to define, degrees of seriousness (violation of folkways, mores, etc. ) Becker (1966): it is not the act itself but the reactions to the act that make something socially deviant. Acts considered acceptable in one culture may be considered socially deviant in another. Crime: any social behaviour designated by the law as criminal, and subject to penal sanction fines, jail terms, etc.