BIOLOGY 1P03 Lecture Notes - Start Codon, Transfer Rna, Ribosomal Rna

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limebuffalo410

13 Dec 2013

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Week 9: monday, october 28th to friday, november 1st, 2013. Messenger rna (mrna) carries the code for a protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Transfer rna (trna) molecules transport amino acids to the site of ribosomes. 12-1 cells synthesize three major types of rna that are required for protein synthesis * The base sequence of mrna carries the information for the amino acid sequence of a protein; group of these bases called codons, specify thee amino acids. Rrna combines with proteins to forms ribosomes; the small subunit binds mrna; the large subunit binds trna and catalyzes peptide bond formation between amino acids during protein synthesis. Each trna carries a specific amino acid (in this example, tyrosine [tyr]) to a ribosome during protein synthesis; the anticodon of trna pairs with a codon of mrna, ensuring that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the protein. Table 12-1 a comparison of dna and rna.

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Facts about ribosomes

Indicate whether each of the following statements aboutribosomes is true or false.

1. Ribosomes are composed of tRNA and protein. TrueFalse
2. During translation in eukaryotes, some ribosomes remain free inthe cytoplasm while others attach to protein channels embedded inthe RER. TrueFalse
3. During initiation of translation, the small ribosomal subunitjoins to the mRNA and initiator rRNA, followed by the largeribosomal subunit. TrueFalse
4. When a ribosome first assembles on the mRNA, the initiator tRNAoccupies the A site while the P and E sites are empty.TrueFalse
5. During translation, a charged tRNA first binds to the ribosomeif its anticodon matches the codon in the E site. TrueFalse
6. A peptide bond forms between the amino acid attached to a tRNAin the A site and the growing polypeptide attached to a tRNA in theP site. TrueFalse
7. Uncharged tRNA molecules in the E site are ejected from theribosome. TrueFalse
8. No more than 2 tRNA molecules are bound to a ribosome at anygiven time. TrueFalse
9. During translocation of the ribosome, tRNA molecules move fromthe P site, to the A site, to the E site, and are then ejected fromthe ribosome. TrueFalse
10. During translation, an amino acid attached to a tRNA in the Asite is transferred to a growing polypeptide attached to a tRNA inthe P site. TrueFalse

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Facts about ribosomes

carmineraccoon103

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

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BIOLOGY 1P03 Lecture Notes - Start Codon, Transfer Rna, Ribosomal Rna

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