SOCC31H3 Chapter : Notes 14-18.pdf
Document Summary
Chapter 14: personality: personality is a particular pattern of behaviour and thinking that prevails across time and situations and differentiates one person from another. Earliest known theory was proposed by hippocrates, greek physician, in fourth century. Bce, and refined by galen in second century ce. Body was thought to contain four humours, or fluids: yellow bile (made people choleric, or bad-tempered and irritable), black bile (melancholic), phlegm (phlegmatic, or sluggish, calm and unexcitable), and blood (sanguine, or cheerful and passionate) Humours were discredited, but the idea that people could be divided into different personality types lived on. Many investigators today reject the idea that people can be assigned to discrete categories (individual differences are different in degree, not kind), and prefer to measure the degree to which an individual expresses a particular personality trait. Central traits capture important characteristics of an individual, but are less singular in their influence (e. g. being honest or warm)
