Chemistry 1027A/B Chapter Notes -Organic Acid Anhydride, Hydrolysis, Leaving Group
16 Dec 2013
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Acid halide: derivative of carboxylic acid in which oh is replaced by a halogen. Carboxylic anhydride: compound in which two acyl groups are bonded to an o. The functional group of a phosphoric anhydride is two phosphoryl groups bonded to an o atom. Carboxylic ester: acyl group bonded to or or oar: lactone: cyclic ester. Phosphoric acid has three oh groups and forms mono-, di-, and triphosphoric esters. Amide: acyl group bonded to a trivalent n atom: lactam: cyclic amide. Addition of a nucleophile to the carbonyl c to form a tetrahedral carbonyl addition intermediate. Intermediate collapses to expel leaving group and regenerates the carbonyl group. Nucleophilic acyl substiution: reaction in which a nucleophile bonded to a carbonyl c is replaced by another nucleophile: the weaker the base, the better the leaving group is, amide < ester < anhydride < acid halide. Chemical process whereby a bond in a molecule is broken by its reaction with water.
