PSYCH 1X03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Chocolate Chip, Operant Conditioning, Tennis

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Section 7: reinforcers, reinforcement and punishment: reinforcement: outcome that increases chance of a response occurring again, positive reinforcement: arrival of appetitive stimulus follows a response more likely for that response to occur again (reward training) Appetitive stimulus: something that produces satisfaction when received. Ex. chocolate chip cookies/excused from chores for finishing homework: negative reinforcement: removal of aversive stimulus follows a response more likely for that response to happen again (escape/avoidance training) Ex. make fun of sister and have to do extra chores: negative punishment: response leads to removal of appetitive stimulus less likely for response to occur again (omission training) Next has to pull string to expose lever so he can press it for food. Section 8: complexities in reinforcement: contrast effects: changes in the value of a reward lead to shifts in response rate learn to expect reward, positive contrast: lowering of reward value leads to slower response rate.

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