BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Van Der Waals Radius, Hydrogen Bond, Chemical Polarity
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BIO130H1 Full Course Notes
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Therefore, there is a distance at which repulsive and attractive forces precisely balance to produce an energy minimum in each atom"s interactions with an atom of a second, non-bonded element. In hydrocarbons, carbon is linked to hydrogen covalently in a largely nonpolar bond. Some polar molecules are acids and bases: a molecule containing a highly polar covalent bond between a hydrogen and a second atom will dissolve in water. H3o+ ions, thereby raising the concentration of hydroxyl ions (oh-: molecules that accept protons from water will do so most readily when the concentration of h3o+ is high, (acidic solutions). Likewise, molecules that donate protons do so more readily if the concentration of h3o+ in solution is low, (basic solutions), and they will tend to receive them back if this concentration is high. Four types of non-covalent attractions help bring molecules together in cells: much of biology depends on the specific binding of different molecules to each other.