NUTRITN 130 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Canola, Peristalsis, Omega-3 Fatty Acid
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Based on below tables just answer tWO PARTS OF question
Sample Case Study
Mrs. King is a 43-year-old married mother of four. Mrs. King is 5â 4â tall, weighs 160 pounds, and has a history of mild hypertension. Her blood pressure is controlled with a low-sodium diet, and although her doctor told her for years that she should exercise, she tried running but found it unpleasant and discontinued all forms of exercise. She is currently sedentary. Her grandmother died as a result of heart disease from years of diabetes and high cholesterol.
Gender | Female |
---|---|
Age | 43 yrs |
Height | 5 ft. 4 in. |
Weight | 160 lbs. |
Activity level | Sedentary |
Pregnancy/Lactation status | Not Pregnant or Lactating |
Begin New Calculation
Body Mass Index (BMI)ï | 27.4 |
---|---|
Estimated Daily Caloric Needs | 1921 kcal/day |
Macronutrient | Recommended Intake per day |
---|---|
Carbohydrate | 216 - 312 gramsï |
Total Fiber | 25 grams |
Protein | 58 grams |
Fat | 43 - 75 gramsï |
Saturated fatty acids | As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. |
Trans fatty acids | As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. |
α-Linolenic Acid | 1.1 gramsï |
Linoleic Acid | 12 gramsï |
Dietary Cholesterol | As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. |
Total Water | 2.7 Liters (about 11 cups)ï |
Vitamin | Recommended Intake per day | Tolerable UL Intake per day |
---|---|---|
Vitamin A | 700 mcg | 3,000 mcgï |
Vitamin C | 75 mg | 2,000 mg |
Vitamin D | 15 mcg | 100 mcg |
Vitamin B6 | 1.3 mg | 100 mg |
Vitamin E | 15 mg | 1,000 mgï |
Vitamin K | 90 mcg | ND |
Thiamin | 1.1 mg | ND |
Vitamin B12 | 2.4 mcg | ND |
Riboflavin | 1.1 mg | ND |
Folate | 400 mcg | 1,000 mcgï |
Niacin | 14 mg | 30 mgï |
Choline | 0.425 g | 3.5 g |
Pantothenic Acid | 5 mg | ND |
Biotin | 30 mcg | ND |
Carotenoids | NA | NDï |
Mineral | Recommended Intake per day | Tolerable UL Intake per day |
---|---|---|
Essential | ||
Calcium | 1,000 mg | 2,500 mg |
Chloride | 2.3 g | 3.6 g |
Chromium | 25 mcg | ND |
Copper | 900 mcg | 10,000 mcg |
Fluoride | 3 mg | 10 mg |
Iodine | 150 mcg | 1,100 mcg |
Iron | 18 mg | 45 mg |
Magnesium | 320 mg | 350 mgï |
Manganese | 1.8 mg | 11 mg |
Molybdenum | 45 mcg | 2,000 mcg |
Phosphorus | 0.7 g | 4 g |
Potassium | 4.7 g | ND |
Selenium | 55 mcg | 400 mcg |
Sodium | 1.5 g | 2.3 g |
Zinc | 8 mg | 40 mg |
Non-Essential | ||
Arsenic | NA | NDï |
Boron | NA | 20 mg |
Nickel | NA | 1 mg |
Silicon | NA | NDï |
Sulfate | NA | ND |
Vanadium | NA | 1.8 mgï |
Questions: Please type your answer
A) Do you think Mrs King is currently meeting all her micro nutrient goals. Do you think this diet will provide her with all the vitamins and minerals she needs to be healthy why? AT LEAST 4 COMPLETE SENTENCES
B) Identify three changes to Mrs Kings day that would likely improve her long term health (do not restrict your answer to Diet alone)
( answer at least in 6 complete sentences)
Based on âMorgan: A case of Diabetesâ by Lisa Rubin and Clyde Freeman Herreid (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)
The Patient:
Morgan Water is a 27-year old Native American that lives on a reservation in Oklahoma. Nearly ¼ of Morganâs tribe has diabetes but she has no direct family history of diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions. She is however obese (BMI = 32) and leads a sedentary lifestyle. Morgan has been suffering from an increasing persistence of symptoms including unusual thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, and numbness in her right foot. The symptoms have been developing over several months but as she is planning her wedding she attributed them to nerves. She is finally persuaded to see her family doctor. Her non-fasting blood glucose level was elevated so the doctor has her return the next morning for a fasting blood sample so they could more accurately measure her blood glucose and insulin. Her blood results are below:
Test | Morganâs values | Normal range | Pre-Diabetic range | Diabetic range |
Plasma glucose, mg/dl | 260 | 70 -139 | 140 - 199 | ⥠200 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 140 | ⤠99 | 100 - 125 | ⥠126 |
A1C, % | 7.6 | ~ 5 | 5.7 â 6.4 | ⥠6.5 |
Fasting Insulin, mIU/ml | 34 | 2 - 10 | 10 - 20 | ⥠20 |
The recommendation of Morganâs doctor was to improve her exercise, good nutrition, and weight loss. He recommends meeting with a nutritionist to assist Morgan in her weight loss goals. When Morgan got home and told her family the diagnosis they however had LOTS of suggestions on how she can lose weight. Below is a description of the advice given to her by three family members.
Best friend Savannah:
âYou know how Iâve been losing weight? Well, Iâve been on the Atkinsâ Diet. I heard about it on TV. Itâs great! You get to eat steak, chicken wings, and all the good stuff. All you have to do is limit carbohydrate intake. You should definitely give it a try. This diet has been around for years and it has worked for lots of people, including me.â
*Note: Atkinâs Diet recommends: 10% carbohydrates, 55% fats, 35% protein
Brother Alan:
âI think the best thing for you to do is exercise and stop eating all of that pizza and candy and food filled with fat. Our people never used to eat that junk. I say eat meals that are nutritionally balanced and high in fiber and low in refined sugars and saturated fats. And run a lot. Stop sitting around the house.â
Grandfather:
âMorgan, it is true that it is best to live in harmony and balance â to eat a nutritionally balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and âgoodâ fats to meet your bodyâs needs. That is good. But look to your heritage. Our people were never overweight before we started eating âcivilizedâ food. Look to our native diet. I think you should look to traditional herbal remedies for help. What Alan says is true. Exercise is good. But it is sometimes not enough. Our people have always looked to natural medicine for cures. They will lift your spirits and energize you. Then you will lose weight and you will be healthy again. I hear the herbs from the diet shop are safe and good. But you must take them like the medicine label says. It canât hurt to try them.â
*Note: these herbal supplements Morganâs grandfather is recommending contain the herb
ephedra (ephedrine).
Question 5:
Given Morganâs metabolic state, what is the primary fuel source for her cells currently?
A. Carbohydrates (glucose)
B. Fats
C. Proteins
D. It is a balance of all three
Question 6:
Metabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following?
A. Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.
B. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.
C. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood.
D. Hyperglycemia.
Question 7:
Which weight loss suggestion is designed to achieve some level of ketosis?
A. Atkins Diet
B. Exercise
C. High fiber diet
D. Herbal treatments
Question 8:
One major side effect of the herbal supplement can be hot flashes and increased perspiration due to increased thermogenesis, what is the likely cause of the heat production?
A. Increasing the activity of phosphfructokinase-1.
B. Increasing the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
C. Increasing the activity of citrate synthase.
D. Increasing the activity of uncoupling proteins.
Question 9:
Would substituting fiber and complex carbohydrates (larger % cellulose) for the simple sugars and starches (high sucrose and amylose/amylopectin) help Morgan lose weight, why?
A. Yes, because complex carbohydrates like cellulose are largely indigestible so they pass through
the digestive tract without being absorbed.
B. Yes, cellulose contains less glucose residues than amylose or amylopectin.
C. Yes, because the fructose in sucrose is much more responsible for weight gain than the glucose.
D. No, because cellulose, amylose, and amylopectin are all composed of glucose so it doesnât
matter.
Question 10:
Which weight loss suggestion will lead to an increased need for gluconeogenesis?
A. Atkins Diet
B. Exercise
C. High fiber diet
D. Herbal treatments