BIOL 133 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Cell Nucleus, Telomere, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Document Summary
Macromolecules (macro-big) (organic-carbon: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. Proteins: enzymes: speed up reactions, provide structural support. *control gene expression - cells have specific proteins that turn on a gene to determine where it will lie in the body- (skin cells become skin cells) Prions rogue proteins - protein can become infected and change its shape - change in shape, changes the function (proteins can be infectious: cause mad cow disease . Carbohydrates (sugars: provide energy for cell metabolism, provide structural support, provide cell identity. Starch turns into glucose --- cannot digest cellulose. Lipids (fats: provide energy (dietary fats, are main component of cell membranes, many are hormones (chemical messengers) Organelles: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoskeleton, modifications to these structures can result in disease. Rough: site of protein synthesis for export out of cell. Proteins are modified and labeled for transport outside cell.
