ASTRO 001 Lecture Notes - Confounding, Multistage Sampling, Confidence Interval

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This treatment is called a factor. there are multiple levels of factors. Cluster random sample steps: divide population into a large number of clusters, select a simple random sample of the clusters, use subjects in those clusters as the sample. Stratified random sample steps: divide population into separate groups, called strata, select a simple random sample from each strata, combine the samples from all strata to form complete sample. Types of observational studies: sample survey- attempts to take a cross section of a population at the current time, retrospective study- looks into the past, prospective study- follows its subjects into the future. Case-control study- a retrospective observational study in which subjects who have a response outcome of interest (the cases) and subjects who have the other response outcome (controls) are compared on an explanatory variable. Block-set of experimental units that are matched with respect to one or more characteristics.

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