PHAR 100 Lecture Notes - Spinal Canal, Asepsis, Syringe

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Drug accidents: widespread distribution of drugs: hazard of accidental poisoning and suicide. Largest case of accidental poisoning occurs in children under five: top 10 common things include: aspirin, acetaminophen, bleach, diaper-pail deodorizer, chocolate flavoured laxatives, children"s fever drops, cough syrups, tranquillizers, birth control pills, and cigarette butts. Types of adverse effects to drugs and why they occur: extension of therapeutic effect: when a benzdiazepine is taken for its sedative effects, an overdose will produce over-sedation. Similarly, when an anticoagulant is used for its anticoagulant effect, an overdose will cause bleeding: unrelated to main drug action, the digitalis group of drugs is used to strengthen heart muscle in patients with congestive heart failure. However, in many cases, these drugs will produce nausea, vomiting, and abnormal colour vision, which is totally unrelated to their main action. Idiosyncrasy: the drug succinylcholine is used to produce muscle relaxation. It is normally inactivated by an enzyme present in the blood.

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