NATS 1745 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Normal Scheme, Social Defence
29 Jan 2014
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Document Summary
In today"s criminal justice, there has been a marked shift of emphasis from the welfare to the penal modality. Sentencing law and practice give greater priority to retributive, incapacitative, and deterrent aims. Probation represents itself as a punishment in the community, not as a social work alternative to conviction. Custodial institutions for children and young people stress security rather than education or rehabilitation & become increasingly indistinguishable from adult prisons. Both penal" and welfare" have changed their meaning. The penal mode, as well as becoming more prominent, has become more punitive, more expressive, more security minded. Penal concerns are less eligibility, the certainty and fixity of punishment, the condemnation and hard treatment of offender, and the protection of the public have been prioritized. The welfare mode, as well as becoming muted, has become more conditional, more offence e- centered, more risk conscious. Rather than offenders/clients in need of support they are seen as risks who must be managed.
