BIOL 1500 Chapter Notes -Herpetology, Scientific Misconduct, Uptodate

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coralyak857

30 Jan 2014

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Science is not memorizing what is already known but is using the process of science to discover something new and unknown. Scientific method- process of making observations, proposing ideas about how something works, testing those ideas, discarding (modifying) our ideas in response to the test results. Allows us to solve problems and answer questions efficiently and effectively. Science is the process of testing hypothesis statements about how the natural work works. Proposed explanation for one or more observations- something which is viewed once or more times. Must be t estable- hypothesis through observations of the measurable universe must be possible to evaluate a. Supernatural- not constrained by any laws of nature, and its behavior cannot be predicted using our current understanding of the natural word. Must be falsifiable- an observation(s) could potentially prove it false. Inductive reasoning- combining a series of specific observations to discern a general principle. Hypothesis generation-different factors, logical and creative, influence hypotheses development.

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Scientific Method Exercise
Identify a situation in which you applied the scientific approach to solving a problem. Share your thinking! The problem you choose to write about can be very simple, such as: my flashlight won't work, or my car won't start, or I baked muffins and they were flat ( didn't rise properly) , or the toilet won't flush properly, or better yet, think of your own. These probably don't sound like "science" problems, but it is most likely that you would use the scientific method to solve them, without even realizing it. Avoid using people problems and child or pet behavior issues as your "problem." Follow these steps to create your first writing assignment:

1. Describe the situation and your observation,
2. Describe your hypothesis to explain the observation.
3. Describe your further observations or experiments to test the hypothesis. Be sure your hypothesis is one that can be tested. Consider what you might use for "controls".
4. Was the hypothesis correct? If not, can you find a better one? Or do you need a better experiment? If so, what would it be?

The assignment should be formatted as follows: Be sure to include the labels, so it is clear that you recognize and identify each step in the process.
Problem: (briefly describe your problem here)
Question: (This may be a "how" or "why" question that you will formulate a tentative answer to. Your tentative answer is your hypothesis.)
Hypothesis: (State the answer to your question above. This is your "best guess" regarding the answer to the question.)
Prediction: (This describes your experiment very briefly and states the outcome you expect that would support your hypothesis)
Experiment: (Describe how you tested your hypothesis)
Results: (Describe what happened, and whether the results supported or failed to support your hypothesis)

Science can be defined as a systematic approach to acquiring knowledge. Science is based upon facts and evidence rather than beliefs or superstitions. To understand Biology and science, you must first examine how scientific knowledge is obtained. Science is a process that involves several steps. Read the description of the steps involved in the scientific method in the text paying close attention to the steps outlined in Section 1.3. Then pick one of the examples below and describe the steps of the scientific method you would use to test the question or find the solution to the problem. In other words, please design a virtual experiment (using the steps of the scientific method) to test the hypothesis you make about one of the questions listed below.

Be sure to identify the steps (observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment/test, controls, results, conclusions). In your responses to each other, help each other identify the parts of the process properly so that the results can be clearly interpreted.???

Will chilling an onion before cutting it keep you from crying?

If you shake up different kinds or brands of soft drinks (e.g., carbonated), will they all spew the same amount?

Do all breakfast cereals that say they have 100% of the U.S. recommended daily allowance (RDA) for iron really have the same amount?

Are all potato chips equally greasy (you can crush them to get uniform samples and look at the diameter of a grease spot on brown paper)? Is greasiness different if different oils are used (e.g., peanut versus soybean)?

Does eating breakfast have an effect on school performance?

Do the same types of mold grow on all types of bread?

Does increasing the ethylene concentration ripen fruit more quickly?

Can you use a household water filter to remove flavor or color from other liquids?

Does the power of a microwave affect how well it makes popcorn?

Can you tell/taste the difference between ground beef, chuck, and round after they have been cooked?

orangescorpion787

Psychology of adulthood and aging;

Here is a question related to adulthood/aging that you think science canât answer:

Does age determine adulthood?

Then you will try to demonstrate how science could answer a related question. (Change the question to): When should a person be considered an adult?

Objectives:

Students should be able to speculate as to why two variables might be correlated, identify what a correlation between variables is not telling us, and anticipate what kind of research studies could further clarify a correlation between variables.

Students should be able to define operationalization, hypothesis, and be able to describe the scientific method by which psychologists study adulthood and aging.

a-First psychological variable

b-Give it a label

c-Briefly describe this variable.

Describe how this variable can be operationalized (that is, describe exactly how you determine which category or which value of the variable applies to a particular person or situation).

Second variable that you believe is related to your first variable.

a-Give it a label.

b-Briefly describe this variable.

c-Describe how this variable can be operationalized.

Once the variables are defined, the next step is to predict the relationship between these two variables by writing a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. For now, assume that there is a causal relationship between the two variables even if it would be impossible or unethical to test a causal hypothesis. This means that changing a personâs score on one of the variables (the independent variable) would cause the personâs score on the other variable (the dependent variable) to change. For example, you might say, âIncreasing the amount of violent television that a person watches will cause that person to exhibit more aggressive behaviors.â

BIOL 1500 Chapter Notes -Herpetology, Scientific Misconduct, Uptodate

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