BIOL 110 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Germ Cell, Multicellular Organism, Meiosis

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peachwolf314

30 Jan 2014

School

PSU

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 110

Professor

D R.J O H N P E L E S

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Document Summary

Date: / / : single individual is the sole parent, variation only arises from mutations- a rare and random change in the. Produces clones- a group of genetically identical individuals that results from asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction: two parents give rise to one offspring, produces genetically unique offspring, variation arises from meiosis, gamete. Haploid reproductive cell that results from meiosis: zygote. Diploid cell that results from the union of two gametes: fertilization produce a zygote. Summary: two rounds of cell division; no replication of chromosomes between divisions. Outcome: four haploid daughter cells; daughter cells differ from parents and each other. Three unique events: crossing over during prophase i one pair of duplicated chromosomes. Over: alignment of homologous pairs during metaphase i, separation of homologous pairs during anaphase i. Important questions: why is sexual reproduction important? a. Creates genetic variation: why is genetic variation important? a.

Related Questions

13. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that:
a. meiosis results in the production of two new cells, whilemitosis results in the production for four new
cells., b. meiosis is used for growth and repair, while mitosis isused for production of eggs and sperm., c.
cytokinesis can be unequal following meiosis, but is approximatelyequal following mitosis., d. meiosis
involves one cell division, while mitosis involves two celldivisions., e. meiosis results in the production of
diploid cells, while mitosis results in the production of haploidcells.
14. Bits of maternal and paternal chromosomes are exchanged betweenhomologous chromosomes during
synapsis of meiosis I. This process is called:
a. crossing over., b. random mating., c. random fertilization., d.random shuffling of parental
chromosomes.,
e. mutation.
15. The advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproductionis that:
a. all young are genetically identical to the parent., b. malesmust evolve a copulatory organ., c. genetic
variability in the population is increased., d. females must evolvea vagina., e. mates are not needed.
16. Many different types of information are used to constructphylogenetic trees. Which of the following types
of information is the most direct measure of evolutionaryrelatedness?
a. physiology, b. gene sequence data, c. the fossil record, d.information about the structure of ribosomes.,
e. information about the structure of enzymes
17. A species is:
a. a group of individuals that can interbreed under naturalconditions and produce fertile offspring., b.
denoted by both a genus and a species name., c. the onlybiologically defined taxon., d. a group of
organisms with a large number of traits in common., e. all of theabove.
18. The process of spermatogenesis results in:
A. 4 diploid sperm; B. 1 diploid sperm and 3 haploid polar bodies;C. 1 haploid sperm and 3 haploid
polar bodies; D. 4 haploid sperm
19. Which cell division process results in an unequal division ofthe cytoplasm?
A. Spermatogenesis; B. Testiculargenesis; C. Oogenesis; D. None ofthe above
20. Meiosis is the process by which:
A. 1 diploid cell becomes 4 haploid cells; B. 1 diploid cellbecomes 1 haploid cell and 3 haploid polar
bodies; C. 1 haploid cell becomes 4 diploid cells; D. Both A andB
21. The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the equator(middle) of the cell is called:
A. Anaphase; B. Telophase; C. Interphase; D. Metaphase
22. Chromosome #6 from Mom and Chromosome #6 from Dad form achromosome pair called:
A. Sister Chromatids; B. Centromeres; C. Homologous Chromosomes; D.Spindle Apparatus

scarlethare433

1) Which of the following is a component of a vertebrate kidney? (Select all correct choices.)

		glomerulus
		Bowman's capsule
		renal tubules
		collecting ducts
		Malphigian tubules

In organisms, the ability to control osmosis depends on the properties of the plasma membranes of individual cells. Based on their ability to permit the free movement of water and some solutes, these membranes are best described as: (select all correct choices)

		impermeable.
		permeable.
		semipermeable.
		diffusible.
		impervious.

3)I selected cortex; inner medulla, it was wrong.

The loops of Henle create a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid surrounding the loop, with the concentration highest in the ____________ and lowest in the ____________ of the kidney.

		inner medulla; cortex
		outer medulla; inner medulla
		outer medulla; cortex
		cortex; inner medulla
		cortex; outer medulla

The main solutes in the filtrate as it enters the distal convoluted tubule are: (select all correct choices)

		urea.
		electrolytes.
		other wastes.
		amino acids.
		nucleotides.

5) Ensure all correct choices are selected, for this question I only selected osmosis and it was wrong,

Water moves by: (select all correct choices)

		random molecular motion.
		active transport.
		passive transport.
		osmosis.
		facilitated diffusion

Compared to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction: (select all correct choices)

	requires less investment in attracting mates.
	allows much more rapid population growth.
	is rarely found as the sole mechanism of reproduction.
	results in the production of genetically identical cells or individuals.
	involves meiosis and fertilization as core processes.

A key difference between hormonal regulation of the reproductive systems of males and females is that:

	LH and FSH are released only in females.
	LH and FSH are released only in males.
	LH and FSH are released cyclically in females but nearly continuously in males.
	LH is released in males and FSH is released in females.
	LH is released continuously in males and FSH is released cyclically in females.

True or false: In response to LH and FSH, ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone.

	true
	false

During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, if the oocyte is not fertilized, a number of events occur which are listed below. Select the answer that places the events in the correct chronological order.

Events:
1. the lining of the uterus is shed
2. the corpus luteum secretes progesterone
3. follicle cells are converted to the corpus luteum
4. the corpus luteum degenerates
5. estrogen and progesterone levels fall

	3, 2, 4, 5, 1
	1, 2, 3, 4, 5
	2, 4, 3, 1, 5
	4, 3, 2, 1, 5
	5, 2, 3, 4, 1

10)

If an antibody is missing its Fc fragment, what would happen if this antibody encounters its target antigen in the bloodstream? Select all correct choices.

	The antibody would be able to bind the antigen at a specific epitope.
	The antibody would be able to bind the antigen, but not at an epitope site.
	The antibody would not be able to bind to the antigen.
	The antibody would be able to activate components of the complement system.
	The antibody would not be able to activate components of the complement system.

11)

If an individual carries a mutation that results in a complete lack of MHC class I proteins, how would the individualâs immune response be affected? Select all correct choices.

	Memory cell antibodies would not be able to attach to antigen epitopes.
	Cytotoxic T cells would not be able to target (and destroy) infected cells.
	Helper T cells would not be able to interact with antigen-presenting cells.
	Plasma cell antibodies would not be able to attach to antigen epitopes.

12)

Which of the following statements is true regarding T cell receptors? Select all correct choices.

	They recognize antigen-MHC complexes.
	They contain variable and constant regions.
	They are composed of two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains.
	They are formed by the rearrangement of V, J, C, and D gene segments.
	They can be found in the bloodstream independent of T cells.

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BIOL 110 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Germ Cell, Multicellular Organism, Meiosis

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