BIOL1300 Chapter Notes -Microtubule, Telophase, Metaphase

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bluecoyote900

30 Jan 2014

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10/16/2012 pre mrna transcription mrna: what are the implications of this, when transcription of a gene occurs, both introns and exons are part of the initial rna referred to as pre mrna. The cell cycle: describes the growth and division of cells in the embryo or in an organ or tissue that is, enlarging occurs during development and growth into adulthood, repairing occurs in the adult when certain tissues have been damaged (e. g. a scrape or cut of skin, replenishing e. g replacement of red blood cells or epithelial cells that die on a daily basis. 10/16/2012: changing of the cell morphology, nucleus disappearing nuclear envelope disintegrating, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles duplicated, move to opposite poles of the cell; give rise to spindle apparatus (microtubules) structure onto which the chromosomes attach independently to its own spindle fiber, attach using the centromere, chromosomes move on spindle apparatus to the center of the cell, cell is in.

Related Questions

Biochem:

1. Indicate whether the following describes DNA polymerase, RNApolymerase, both, or none:

a. Binds to single stranded DNA

b. Uses an RNA primer

c. Has proof-reading ability

d. Reads from 3' to 5'

e. Phosphodiester bonds are formed using rNTPs

f. Requires a DNA primer

g. Multiple types are present in eukaryotes

h. Mutiple types are present in prokaryotes

i. Is synthesized bi-directionally

j. Requires there to be a terminal sequence on DNA

k. Is part of a larger complex made up of several proteins

2. Post-translational damage causes the loss of the 2' hydoxylgroup on several adenosine nucleotides within the intron sequenceof a primary RNA transcript. What could possible happen to theresulting mature RNA sequence and consequent protein?

3. Where on the below strand of RNA would you most likely findthe following:

a. Start of transcription

b. Start of translation

c. TATA box

d. Enhancers

e. Initiator

f. Activators

g. Repressors

4. How would the following mutation in the template strand ofDNA affect the translated protein? (x=any base, / = exon/intronjunction)

5-XXXXC/CTGAAGAGGAAGXXXXGTTAGXXXXACTCAC/CTCGC-3 to5-CCTGAAGAGGAAXXXXXXXXGTTAGXXXXACTCACCTCGC-3

5. When will there be a 5'-5' linkage in RNA? When is this bondformed? Which base is commonly involved in this process? What wouldhappen if there was an inability in this enzyme to make the 5'-5'likage?

6. Consider the following strand of mRNA. What protein would beproduced if this strand was translated?

5'- CGUAUGCCCUUUACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

7. What would be the new protein if the following mutations weremade to the strand in 6? Label/classify each type of mutation.

a. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUUAACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

b. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUCACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

c. 5'- CGUAUGCCCUUUACUAGUAUUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

d. 5'- CGUAUGCCCUUGACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

e. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUCACUAGUAUGAGUAACUAGUAACC-3'

f. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUAAACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

8. What are examples of two different types of point mutationsin sequences coding for hemoglobin production?

pearbeaver961

Please help on these. Thank you!

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a channel in the RNA polymeraseenzyme?

		RNA exit channel
		DNA entry channel
		DNA exit channel
		Nucleotide exit channel

Question 2

A promoter region upstream of a bacterial gene typically has thesequence TTGACA in the -35 position and TATAAT in the -10 position.If there was a 5 bp insertion at the -40 position, such thateverything downstream was shifted (ie: the "-35 element" is now atthe -30 from the transcription start site), which of the followingwill occur?

		Sigma protein will not bind and so no transcription willoccur.
		RNA polymerase will not bind and so no transcription willoccur.
		Sigma protein will bind to its target sequences and sotranscription will start 5bp downstream from the originaltranscription start site.
		Sigma protein will bind as usual and transcription will startappropriately at the transcription start site.

Question 3

A person has a mutation that prevents TFIIH from being produced.Which of the following outcomes will occur?

		No transcription because TFIID will not be able to bind.
		No transcription because the DNA strand will not be opened.
		Transcription will occur, but it will not be in the correctposition.
		Transcription will occur as usual.

Question 4

There are 4 rRNAs produced to make both subunits of theribosome. How many transcripts are required to produce these 4rRNAs?

		1
		2
		3
		4

Question 5

True or False: the 5' 7m-Gppp cap is attached to the start codonof the mRNA.

		True.
		False, the cap is attached to the 5'-untranslated region.
		False - the cap is attached to the 3'-untranslated region.
		False, the cap is attached to the polyA tail.

Question 6

During the splicing mechanism, which of the following joins twoexons together?

		A 2'OH attacks a 5' phosphate
		A 5' phosphate attacks a 2'OH
		A 3'OH attacks a 5' phosphate
		A 5' phosphate attacks a 3'OH Question 7 After their experiment in Neurospora, Beadle and Tatum concludedthat each single genes code for single enzymes. Do you agree withtheir statement, why or why not?

burgundyhedgehog579

Mutants and mutant genes, 5 points You are studying a gene in chickens named âbonelessâ, named after its mutant phenotype. The wild type boneless gene encodes a protein that is 400 amino acids long. When a chicken lacks a wild type copy of the gene (in other words, when both of its copies are the boneless mutant version), it grows as a jiggly blob with eyes floating on top.

(A) The wild type function of the boneless gene is most likely to make ________________.

(B)To detect where boneless is expressed during embryogenesis you decide to perform an in situ hybridization experiment with a fluorescently labeled probe. To make this probe, what would you use as the template? Circle your answer and explain in one sentence why your answer is the better of the two choices.

(1) genomic DNA of boneless, which includes 4 exons and 3 introns (2) cDNA of boneless

(C) Given the phenotype of boneless, what can you conclude about the kind of gene that boneless encodes: (circle the correct answer)

(1) it must be a transcription factor (e.g. like pax6) (2) it must be a receptor (e.g. like the insulin receptor) (3) it must encode a calcium channel protein for strong bones (4) it must encode a microRNA gene (5) it must encode a housekeeping gene (6) nothing can be concluded about what kind of product this gene encodes based its mutant phenotype

(D) Although flies do not have bones, you discover that flies have a homolog of boneless called âpuddleâ. What must be true about puddle?

(1) flies donât need bones, therefore they have a puddle gene (2) flies lack bones because they lack boneless (3) the puddle gene makes flies boneless (4) puddle and boneless are sequences that arose from a common ancestral gene

BIOL1300 Chapter Notes -Microtubule, Telophase, Metaphase

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