BIOLOGY 2A03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Adenylyl Cyclase, Tyrosine Kinase, Anterior Pituitary

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4 Feb 2014

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Osmosis passive transport of water across membranes. Although water is polar, it has high permeability in membranes due to its small size. Osmosis depends on the concentration of other molecules: h2o concentration depends on the number of dissolved particles. Water moves towards the more solute concentrated solution. Note: flux can be increased by aquaporin (protein channels) Cells are permeable to water but impermeable to many solutes. Tonicity: function of concentration of non-permeating solutes outside a cell relative to the concentration inside the cell, and it determines the behaviour of the cell place din solution. Osmolarity: total solute particle concentration of a solution: relates the osmolarity of a solution relative to normal extracellular fluid without regard to penetrating or non-penetrating nature of solutes. Note: a solution can be isosmotic at 300 mosm but hypotonic due to penetrating solutes. 1. water concentration: hyperosmotic a solution whose osmolarity is higher than another.

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Part B - Urine concentration in the kidney

The figure shows how urine concentration occurs in the nephron,the functional unit of the vertebrate kidney.

Active Transport, Passive Transport, Filtrate, Urea, NaCl,Osmosis, Medulla

1. The kidney's ability to cocentrate urine depends on themaintenance of an osmolarity gradient between interstitial of twostructures: the cortex and

2. This osmolarity gradient is maintained by both the passivetransport and the active transport of

3. The osmolarity gradient is also maintained by the passivetransport of

4. Water responds to the osmolarity gradient bymoving from anarea of a lower solute concentration to an area of a higher soluteconcentartion-this process is called

5. Osmosis does not require enery. For this reason, osmosis is aform of

6. The loss of water fromthe result in urine that is highly concentrated.

indigoeagle915

A hypertonic solution has a higher level of solutes so the water moves out of the cells to the surroundings

A hypotonic solution has a higher level of solutes so the water moves out of the cells to the surroundings

The salt and water solution in the potato is a hypotonic solution

Osmosis is the movement of large molecules across a membrane which require embedded proteins

The plain water in this experiment is the solvent and the salt is the solute.

Passive transport requires no energy and the molecules move with the concentration gradient or from high concentration to low concentration

Active transport required no energy and the molecules move with the concentration gradient or from high concentration to low concentration.

The water on the inside of the potato with the salt molecules is an isotonic solution the same as the solution on the outside of the potato.

Water will not move by simple diffusion (osmosis) into or out of cells it requires energy or protein transporters

The solution of salt water in the potato has a lower concentration of water molecules so the water on the outside should move into the cells

True or False: The solution of salt water inside of the hollowpotato has a lower concentration of water molecules so the water onthe outside of the potato should move into the potato cells. Or thewater molecules inside of the grape or pea will move to the outsidewhere there are fewer water molecules and more salt.

True or False: The water on the inside of the potato with thesalt molecules is an isotonic solution the same as the solution onthe outside of the potato.

True or False: Water will not move by simple diffusion (osmosis)into or out of cells it requires energy or proteintransporters.

T or F The salt and water solution inside of the hollow potatois a hypotonic solution.

T or F: Osmosis is the movement of large molecules across a semipermeable membrane which require embedded proteins.

T or F The plain water in this experiment is the solvent and thesalt is the solute.

T or F Active transport requires no energy and the moleculesmove with the concentration gradient from low concentration to ahigh concentration.

T/F Passive transport requires no energy and the molecules movewith the concentration gradient or from high concentration to lowconcentration

T/F A hypotonic solution has a higher level of solutes so thewater moves out of the cells to the surroundings.

T/F A hypertonic solution has a higher level of solutes so thewater moves out of the cells to the surroundings.

Why does a slug die when you put salt on her/him? (Think aboutwhat happened in this lab) :

A. The salt on the outside of the slug causes the water frominside of the cells to move out of the cells. The dehydration ofthe slug causes death

B. The slug does not die but becomes enlarged from the movementof water into the slug cells caused by a hypertonic solution

C. The salt and moisture on the outside of the slug cause anisotonic state and the water leaves the slug quickly byosmosis.

D. Sigh. The poor slug, sacrificed for science by many youngnature lovers around the world. Obviously this happens as theoutside solution is hypotonic and the inside of the slug's cellsare hypertonic. Energy is used for active transport leading toosmosis.

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BIOLOGY 2A03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Adenylyl Cyclase, Tyrosine Kinase, Anterior Pituitary

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