BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Metaphase, Chromosome Abnormality, Chromosome

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ivoryfox572

11 Feb 2014

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

BIOL107

Professor

Lesley Harrington

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BIOL107 Full Course Notes

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2014-01-10 know the names of the different cell stages; There can be a gap before cell division occurs; During synthesis, we have 2 chromatids per chromosome; Meiosis 1 1 allele in one cell, 1 allele in another cell. The amount of chemical present in one cell is important. 1 gamete is 3 billion bp; upon fertilization, each zygote has 2c values of dna upon fertilization; we double the dna again in s-phase. Meiosis 1 we reduce the amount of dna present, and the second division reduces it once more. We can reduce the amount of dna without changing the amount of information. When we separate homologous chromosomes, we are changingin the amount of information. Number of homologous chromosomes changes when you go into meiosis 1 - . Fertilization and meiosis change both c-value and chromosome number: many plants and some animals are polyploid j.

Related Questions

-Complete the following sentences: metaphase of mitosis, prophase II of meiosis, crossing over, anaphase I of meiosis, variable, random fertilization, identical, random orientation, metaphase I of meiosis, prophase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, reduction division

Two processes that occur during meiosis produce genetically ____________ cells.

In a process called ____________ , paired homologous chromosomes align randomly at the cell equator. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

In a process called ____________ , genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

-Complete the following paragraph to describe nondisjunction and the resulting effects on chromosome number.

words: euploidy, primary nondisjunction, nomal, nondisjunction, secondary nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes, abnormal, trisomy, monosomy, sister chromatids, aneuploid

1.During meiosis I, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

2.During meiosis II, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

3.During meiosis I, if both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, ____________ is said to occur and no normal gametes are produced.

4.During meiosis II, if the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete, ____________ is said to occur. Half the gametes are aneuploid while the other half are euploid.

5.If an egg that contains 24 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

6.If an egg that contains 22 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

Nondisjuction is a cell division error in which either homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate and thus do not migrate to opposite poles. It is responsible for conditions such as monosomy (one member of a chromosome pair is missing) and trisomy (three copies of a chromosome is present rather than two).

Nondisjunction can occur during the first or second meiotic division.

Part A- Jill is heterozygous for gene A and is going to have a child with Jack, who is homozygous recessive for gene A.

Which of the following offspring genotypes could result from fertilization of a normal haploid sperm with an egg that had undergone nondisjunction in meiosis I?
Check all that apply.

1)AAa

2)Aaa

3)aaa

4)Aa

5)aa

6)a

I put AAa, Aaa, Aa, but it was not correct

Part B-

Which of the following offspring genotypes could result from fertilization of a normal haploid sperm with an oocyte that had undergone nondisjunction in meiosis II?

Check all that apply.

1)AAa

2)Aaa

3)aaa

4)Aa

5)aa

6)a

Part E-

If Jack and Jill have a child with an aaa genotype, during which meiotic division, and in which parent, could nondisjunction have occurred?

Check all that apply.

1) Meiosis I in the mother

2 Meiosis II in the mother

3) Meiosis I in the father

4) Meiosis II in the father

The answer is not Meisis I in the mother

M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Metaphase, Chromosome Abnormality, Chromosome

BIOL107 Full Course Notes

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