PSYCO258 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Episodic Memory, Baddeley'S Model Of Working Memory, Endel Tulving

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This chapter introduces the topic of memory systems. Psychologist endel tulving proposed the principle of encoding specificity, which states that the retrieval of an item from memory depends on how that item was originally encoded in memory. Furthermore, tulving distinguished between episodic memory (memory system concerned with personally experienced events) and semantic memory (memory system concerned with knowledge of words, concepts, and their relationships). This view of separate memories was sup- ported by experiments on amnesic patients, such as wj, whose brain injury severely disrupted her episodic memory but spared her semantic memory. Rather than showing a recency bias (tendency to recall events from recent past) in recalling events, wj demonstrated a primacy bias (tendency to recall events from relatively distant past). Nn was another amnesic patient who also demonstrated the dissociation between memory systems, showing deficits in episodic memory but not semantic memory. Since tulving"s distinction between semantic and episodic memory, there have been other memory systems proposed.

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