PSYC 3402 Lecture Notes - Phallic Stage, Social Control Theory, Differential Association

• School: Carleton University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYC 3402
• Professor: Shelley Brown

Document Summary

Lange study (1929)--an example of how methodological flaws can lead to over-stated conclusions. Identified different types of methods (pre/post designs, longitudinal multi-wave designs, meta-analyses, Longitudinal designs are better than cross-sectional/snap short studies (allow us to transition from. Correlates" to risk factors", next step "causal factors": crime is the result of dynamic internal forces within the individual and the result of early childhood. Pleasure principle: obtain immediate pleasure and ignore reality. Reality principle: satisfy demands of the id while also satisfying demands of superego. Internalization of rules and restrictions of society (socialization) Conscience (morals: right/wrong) and ego-ideal (socially accepted standards: aspirations: according to psychodynamic theorists, criminals have encountered problems with superego. Leads to pathological levels of unconscious guilt (typically over unresolved infantile desires) and criminal behaviour is meant to subconsciously invite punishment in an attempt to resolve this guilt: weak superego, deviant superego: Superego fails to regulate the primitive and instinctual needs of the id.