BIOL 1080 Study Guide - Final Guide: Venule, Anemia, Sarcopenia

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24 Feb 2014
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Oxytocin (ot: suckling infant stimulates nerve receptors in the nipple, resulting impulses travel along nerves to the hypothalamus, hypothalamus signals posterior pituitary to release ot, ot travels via bloodstream to mammary gland, breast ejects milk (lactation) Defensive proteins: slow spread of viruses, promotes phagocytosis, kills bacteria, enhances inflammation, lysis by complement. Inflammation (1) activated complement proteins form holes in cell wall and membrane of bacterium (2) bacterium no longer maintains constant internal environment as water enters (3) bacterium bursts: brings in defensive cells, speed healing, if area is pricked, like a thorn. Phagocytes engulf bacteria: 4 cardinal stages (1) redness: blood flow carries defense cells/chemicals to damaged tissue. (2) heat: increases metabolic rate of cells in injured area speeds healing. (3) swelling: fluid seeps into injured area has clotting factors, nutrients, etc. (4) pain: hampers movement allows area to heal.

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