ERTH 2404 Lecture Notes - Geothermal Gradient, Subduction, Differential Stress
3 Mar 2014
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Document Summary
Minerals have an orderly internal structure regular, and repeating: classified according to: chemical composition, internal structure. Polymorphs: minerals with the same chemical composition, but different crystalline structure, i. e. carbon diamond/graphite. Rock: a solid aggregate of one or more minerals. Crystals: macroscopic expression of the crystalline structure, atoms arranged in different crystal lattic arrangements, different arrangements = different name. Bonds and forces: covalent: sharing electrons between atoms. Ionic: two oppositely charged ions share electron(s: van der walls: weak electrostatic attraction between layers. Contain sulfur and one or more metals, source of metallic ore. One of very few minerals produced and used biologically. Color: can be caused by impurities, streak: colour of the mineral in powder form, non-metallic minerals streak white, metallic minerals vary, but are diagnostic. Habit: the way the crystal form of the mineral grows, twinning: mineral grows as a cross. i. e. staurolite, polysynthetic twinning: alternating 90 degree shifts in growth pattern. i. e. plagioclase.
