Chemistry 2223B Lecture Notes - Alkylation, Nitro Compound, Bromine

• School: Western University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: Chemistry 2223B
• Professor: Felix Lee

Document Summary

Chemistry 2213a fall 2012 western university. Benzene, c6h6, discovered by michael faraday in 1825, has 4 units of unsaturation. Due to resonance, all carbon-carbon bonds are equivalent. All carbon and hydrogen atoms are in the same plane due to sp2 hybridization. The structure is best described by molecular orbital theory. The remaining p orbitals of the sp2- hybridized carbon atoms overlap sideways to form a big molecular orbital that has a torus-shaped orbit on each side of the ring. Lewis structure are so stable that benzene and compounds containing benzene rings don"t undergo the typical alkene reactions. Yes, by measuring the heat ( h) of hydrogenation reactions of benzenes and alkenes. Consider the addition of h2 to one c=c in cyclohexene: So, we expect benzene to be 3 120 = 360 kj/mol, but the measured value is h = 208 kj/mol. (because of the stability of benzene, this reaction requires extreme conditions for hydrogenation to occur. )