CAS BI 108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11.4: Asexual Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction, Mitosis
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Answer: in two different ways: asexual reproduction involves mitosis, sexual reproduction involves mitosis and meiosis. Asexual reproduction by mitosis results in genetic constancy. Based on the mitotic division of the nucleus. Some organisms that reproduce asexually: single- celled yeast, aspen in forest. Sexual reproduction by meiosis results in genetic diversity. Sexual reproduction requires gametes created by meiosis; two parents each contribute one gamete to each of their offspring. Somatic cells: body cells not specialized for reproduction, each contain two sets of chromosomes. One chromosome from each pair comes from each of two parents. i. e. in humans with 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. *exception: sex chromosomes: two chromosomes in homologous pair (homologs) bear corresponding genetic information. For example a homologous pair carry different versions of a gene that controls seed shape (one version for wrinkled, one for smooth) In contrast to somatic cells, gametes contain only a single set of chromosomes, one homolog from each pair.