PSYC 251 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Synaptic Pruning, Neural Plate, Olfactory Bulb

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Document Summary

Organization of the mature brain: neuron: the basic unit of the brain and nervous system, specialized in receiving and transmitting information. Production and understanding of language is in the left hemisphere, while spatial, artistic, and music abilities are in the right hemisphere. Emerging brain structures: at 3 weeks, a group of cells form the neural plate (neuralation). 4000/second: postnatal neurogenesis occurs in select areas of hippocampus (memory formation) and olfactory bulb, neural migration moves neurons to final adult positions in stages, beginning with those in the innermost layers being positioned first. This continues until all 6 layers are placed in the 7th month. Migration occurs by wrapping around supporting glial cells: in the 4th month, axons begins to myelinate; this continues through infancy, childhood, and adolescence. This pruning depends on the activity of the neural circuits, with active synapses preserved. 4 years: pruning does not occur in fragile x syndrome and autism.

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