AR103 Chapter Notes -Evolutionary Taxonomy, Cladistics, Phylogenetic Tree
14 Mar 2014
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Chapter five: macroevolution: processes of vertebrate and mammalian. Classi cation is in biology, the ordering of organisms into categories, such as orders, families, and genera, to show evolutionary relationships. Multicellular organisms that move about and ingest food are called animals. Within the kingdom animalia, there are more than 20 major groups called phyla. Chordata is the phylum of the animal kingdom that includes vertebrates. It includes all the animals with a nerve cord, gill slits (at some stage of development) and a supporting cord along the back. Most chordates are vertebrates - so called because they have a vertebral column. Vertebrates are animals with segmented bony spinal columns; includes shes, amphibians, reptiles (including birds), and mammals. Vertebrates also have developed brain and paired sensory structures for sight, smell, and balance. They are subdivided into 5 classes: cartilaginous shes, bony shes, amphibians, reptiles / birds, and mammals. By putting organisms into increasingly narrow groupings this hierarchical arrangement organizes diversity into categories.
