LIFE 210 Lecture Notes - Warburg Effect, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Citric Acid Cycle
Document Summary
First described by otto warburg and coworkers in 1927. Increased glucose uptake and lactate production relative to normal cells. In the brain, astrocytes and neuronal cells form a commensal metabolic relationship. Neurons also convert glutamine to glutamate, release as neurotransmitter. After that use both aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Embryonic cells also use glutamine to fill up the tca cycle and produce amino acids, etc. normal o2 levels etc. cancer cells. Shows high glucose uptake in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Have found cancer cells also need a lot of glutamine. Cancer cells have changes that short circuit the normal inhibition of glycolysis at. Tumor cells with poor blood supply and low o2 appear to have a commensal relationship with other (cancer or normal) cells with adequate o2. Cancer cells with aerobic glycolysis also have high oxidative phosphorylation levels. Cancer cells rely on glutamine for filling up the tca cycle and producing amino acids,
