BIOL211 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Anticoagulant, Tetrachromacy, Flightless Bird
4 Apr 2014
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Biol 211 introduction to vertebrate zoology. Lecture 11: amphibian diversity and adaptations. Frogs are the most successful amphibians in terms of form, function, diversity of habitat, and number of species. Salamanders employ walk- trot locomotion: move forelimbs and hind limbs in succession to create sine wave locomotion. Well- developed limbs: except caecilians and some salamanders. Tails present in salamanders but absent in frogs. All adult forms are carnivores: large mouths/buccal cavities, eat anything they can catch and swallow. Papilla amphiborum: a special sensory area for sound reception found in the sacculus within the inner ear. Operculum- columella complex: two bones to transmit sound in the inner ear. Oval window transports sound waves into the inner ear. Pedicellate teeth: composed of a dentin- based crown and base (pedicel) that is separated by extracellular matrix material. Salamanders and caecilians swim by passing along a sine wave down the body. Anurans thrust the hind legs for locomotion (figure 10- 5b)
