HIST 122 Lecture : HIST 219W Lecture Notes

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9 Apr 2014
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The middle east and north africa in the 20th century with peter wien week 1: january 28 & 30. Foundations: the middle east & n. africa to the end of the 19th century. * n. africa: mauritania, morocco, algeria, tunisia, libya, egypt, sudan. * aramaic christian orthodoxy in syria, turkey, iraq. * some say alawites are shia: bashar al assad of syria. * hijra from mecca to medina in 622 ce. * muhammad moves from religious to political leader as he becomes arbiter for community. * revelations & surahs reflect this shift in responsibility, from spiritual to political. * muhammad dies in 632: question of his succession. * 4 rashidun: abu bakr, umar, uthman, ali. * at the death of ali, this consensus breaks apart. * b/c islamic empire & community has grown increasingly diverse and broad. * faction believed ali (muhammad"s son-in-law) had prophet"s spirituality & was the only legitimate successor.

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