BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Endosymbiont, Golgi Apparatus, Archaea
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BIO130H1 Full Course Notes
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Tree of life: classification based on similarity in rrna; came from a common ancestor cell. Clicker question#1: if we assume the diversity that we"ve just been talking about is the result of different genes or different patterns of gene expression are: broken into 3 domains. Eukaryotes: more similar to archaea: modification of existing sequences, synthesis of novel stretches of dna. A 1000 times the volume of a prokaryote. Microtubules: give structure (part of cytoskeleton); nucleolus: where ribosomes are made; vacuole: regulates pressure in plant cells (turgor); Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes: endo-symbiont theory: predatory nature of ancestral cell. Anaerobic ancestor engulfed a bacterium which managed to escape digestion & provide atp. Evidence: genomes: mitochondria & chloroplast have their own genome. House-keeping machinery: have their own dna machinery & protein synthesis: double membrane (both with different composition): the prokaryote already had a membrane & when it was engulfed another membrane was put around it, carnivorous single-celled eukaryote exits now.
