BSC 2010C Chapter Notes - Chapter 14&15: Homologous Chromosome, Mendelian Inheritance, Punnett Square

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14 Apr 2014
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Gregor mendel and the study of genetics. Had background in mathematics and understood probabilities. Intentionally self-fertilized flower by covering with bag or cross-fertilized flowers by dusting carpels of one with pollen from other. Continuous self-fertilization for many generations resulted in true breeding plants. Monohybrid means dealing with a single trait. Dihybrid means dealing with two traits at the same time. Developed two principles on the basis of two types of experiments. Monohybrid cross-hybridized two true-breeding plants for one form of a single characteristic he studied. Dihybrid cross-hybridized plants that combined two of the seven characteristics. Offspring of two f1"s is f2 (second filial) generation. Mendel published in obscure journal in 1866. Argued that there are discrete, heritable factors (now called genes) that retain individuality from generation to generation. Alternative forms of a gene that encode for differing forms of the same trait. Example: eye color is a single trait with many color variations: blue, hazel,

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