BIOL130 Lecture : BIOL 130 Course Notes.pdf
16 Apr 2014
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First microscope, viewed slices of cork cellula . All organisms consist of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms. All cells arise only from pre-existing cells. Use the same genetic program - central dogma (dna rna protein) Engage in many mechanical activities (transport, assembly, motility) Eubacteria all have cell wall except mycoplasma. Archaebacteria all have cell wall; best known are extremophiles. Protists mostly single cells (algae, mold, protozoa) Fungi single cell & multicellular; cells walls, heterotrophs (yeast, mushrooms) Animals multicellular, no cell walls, heterotrophs. Certain organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts) evolved from smaller prokaryotes engulfed by larger cell. Ea coli dna replication, gene transcription, translation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) cell cycle; minimal model eukaryote. Arabidopsis thaliana all flowering plants are closely related. Ca elegans (the worm) first animal genome to be sequenced; location, lineage, and fate of every cell in embryo, larva and adult is known. Mouse model mammal; genetics well understood.
