PHIL 101 Lecture Notes - Common Cause, Fallacy, Heritability
Document Summary
Teleological arguments: are often referred to as design arguments. ". P1: objects are observed to be ordered and act for ends: some have minds, and some don"t. P2: an object that acts for a goal or end that doesn"t have a mind must be the result of someone with a mind (understanding). P3: so there"s a being with a mind/understanding that designed all mindless objects that act for an end. Paley"s design argument: an analogy of watches with an ability to tell time compared to organisms with abilities in survival; can be considered an abductive inference. O: a watch with complex and intricate parts is found on a heath (beach). O2: organisms have even more complex and intricate parts than watches. Only game in town fallacy gives another possibility . H5: evolution by natural selection (not random because organisms are favoured by natural conditions more than others) Hume"s criticism: poking fun of paley, uses induction and analogy proving.
