BMS 360 Lecture Notes - Blood Sugar, Blood Plasma, Diabetes Insipidus

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22 May 2014
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Figure 16. 7 main responses of target cells to insulin. Hypo (low) and hyper (high) glucemia (glucose levels) Negative regulators of blood glucose levels oppose actions of insulin. Figure 16. 11 sympathetic nervous system and blood glucose levels. Flgure 16. 4 glucose counter regulatory controls (anti-insulin) Cortisol/growth hormone not coupled to absorptive/post-absorptive state; permissive facilitatory. Gh differential, stimulates protein anabolism, effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are minor. Diabetes mellitus high blood sugars (glucose) levels (hyperglycemia) Type 1 loss of insulin producing beta cells (immune disease) Type 2 reduced insulin sensitivity (early stage) or insulin resistance (leads to increased insulin levels) Improve insulin sensitivity or reduce glucose production by liver. Diabetes insipidus excretion of large amounts of dilute urine due to vasopressin (adh) deficiency. Fasting or low carb diet stimulates ghrelin secretion, inhibits leptin release. Key role in controlling energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. Tnz thermal neutral zone (heat created by reactions in body)

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