BISC 101 Chapter Notes -Osmoregulation, Exhalation, Pepsin

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Regulators (cid:224) use internal control mechanisms to regulate and maintain internal environment despite fluctuation in external environment (thermoregulation, osmoregulation) Omnivores(cid:224) mixed teeth structure for eating meat and plants; bladelike incisors, canine for biting, premolars for grinding, molar for crushing. Adaptations for digestion in stomach: elastic wall food storage 2) muscular wall churning 3) folded epithelial tissue 4) secretes of gastric juices 5) pepsin protein digesting enzyme 5) mucous secreted by mucous cells protects stomach cells. Mutualistic adaptations microorganisms help herbivores digest plants: food enters rumen and reticulum where mutualistic protists break down cellulose and secrete fatty acids as by products, cow regurgitates cud further breaking down cellulose fibers, reswallowed and omasum removes water, cud+ microorganisms then digested in abomasum by cow"s own enzymes. Amphibians (cid:224) 1) 3 chambered heart 2) pulmocutaneous circuit lung and skin 3) incomplete separation mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in ventricle 4) redistribution away from lungs when underwater.

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